液压传动技术在烟草打顶机上的应用

针对烟草中后期田间管理阶段的打顶及喷施抑芽剂时,作业人员劳动强度大、生产效率低,严重影响烟草产量和质量的现状,研制出高地隙三轮自走式全液压烟草打顶机。该机采用T型车架及高架式机体,液压驱动行走、转向、制动系统,以及液压操纵烟草打顶、喷施药剂系统。该打顶机液压系统传递功率大、结构紧凑、布置灵活,且易于实现无级调速及过载保护,便于控制、操作简便,可高效地完成烟草打顶及喷施药剂作业。     

全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线气动系统设计

介绍了全自动纸浆模塑生产线的生产工艺过程，采用信号一动作状态线图法对气动系统进行设计，并描述了纸浆模塑生产线气动系统的工作过程及系统组成。     

Ultrastructural analysis of sequential cyprinid herpesvirus 3 morphogenesis in vitro

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is an alloherpesvirus, and it is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease. Although the complex morphogenic stages of the replication cycle of CyHV‐3 were shown to resemble that of other members of the Herpesvirales, detailed analysis of the sequence and timing of these events was not definitively determined. This study describes these features through a time course using cyprinid cell cultures (KF‐1 and CCB) infected with CyHV‐3 (KHV isolate, H361) and analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Rapid viral entry was noted, with high levels of intracellular virus within 1–4 h post‐infection (hpi). Intranuclear capsid assembly, paracrystalline array formation and primary envelopment of capsids occurred within 4 hpi. Between 1 and 3 days post‐infection (dpi), intracytoplasmic secondary envelopment occurred, as well as budding of infectious virions at the plasma membrane. At 5–7 dpi, the cytoplasm contained cytopathic vacuoles, enveloped virions within vesicles, and abundant non‐enveloped capsids; also there was frequent nuclear deformation. Several morphological features are suggestive of inefficient viral assembly, with production of non‐infectious particles, particularly in KF‐1 cells. The timing of this alloherpesvirus morphogenesis is similar to other members of the Herpesvirales, but there may be possible implications of using different cell lines for CyHV‐3 propagation.     

Evaluation of an Indian collection of black gram germplasm and identification of resistance sources to Mungbean yellow mosaic virus

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) of black gram is an important production constraint in India. Black gram germplasm, consisting of 344 accessions, originally collected from different geographic regions of India and conserved in National Gene Bank at National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, India, were evaluated for their response against YMD. None of the accessions tested was found to be immune, however, considerable variation in disease response was observed among them. Of the 344 accessions, 32 showed resistance in the field during the rainy season (June–September) 2010 as assessed by coefficient of infection (CI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). These accessions were re-evaluated during rainy season (June–September) 2011 and 2012 for their disease resistance along with yield-associated characters. Eight accessions that exhibited consistently highly resistant (HR) or resistant (R) reaction (CI ≤ 9) along with lower AUDPC value (≤650), were further evaluated following inoculation with whiteflies or via agroinoculation. Along with the resistant trait, these eight accessions were also found either similar or even better in their yield potential as compared to check. After artificial inoculation using viruliferous whiteflies under glasshouse, of the eight field-resistant accessions, response of two (IC144901 and IC001572) were categorized as HR as <10% plants exhibited minute yellow specks after 17–22 dpi. Two accessions viz. IC011613 and IC485638 showed <20% incidence with bright yellow specks or spots after 15–20 dpi and were grouped into R category. The resistance of these four accessions was further confirmed through agroinoculation of the infectious cloned viral DNA under controlled conditions. In resistant accessions low accumulation of viral DNA was observed over a period of time. These four accessions could be used in future breeding programmes to develop black gram cultivars resistant to YMD or could be used directly as varieties to manage YMD after adaption to various agro-climatic regions.     

拖拉机田间作业参数无线检测系统研究

针对当前拖拉机检测系统功能集成度低、检测参数不全面、传输距离有限的问题，开发了拖拉机田间作业参数无线检测系统。该系统由传感器、数据采集仪及上位机软件监测平台3部分组成，能够实现PTO转矩及转速、油耗、发动机转速、悬挂提升力、力位调节加载力、加载角度、行驶速度、车轮转速、牵引力等多种参数的采集、无线发送与存储。系统工作时，数据采集仪中的车载检测仪将采集的传感器数据发送至无线数据接收器，无线数据接收器通过串口将数据传输至上位机软件监测平台，实现对各类试验参数的实时监测与数据处理。为验证检测系统的可行性与稳定性，对系统进行了采集通道的计量，结果显示模拟信号通道绝对误差绝对值最大为0.003V，引用误差最大为0.03%，频率信号通道检测绝对误差最大为2Hz，引用误差最大为0.013%，满足对拖拉机作业参数的采集需求。在此基础上，进行了PTO转矩参数及拖拉机无负载行驶速度采集试验。试验结果表明，检测系统可以实现转矩参数的稳定采集及数据的无线传输；在5、8、14km/h 3挡车速匀速行驶下，拖拉机车轮转速与实际行驶速度基本一致，最大相对误差分别为2.0%、1.2%及0.7%。本系统可满足对拖拉机工作性能参数的无线检测需求，数据采集稳定且采集精度较高，为拖拉机多作业参数的无线采集提供有效手段。     

番茄斑驳花叶病毒在我国茄科作物上的发生及生物学特性

【目的】鉴定烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）新种番茄斑驳花叶病毒（Tomato mottle mosaic virus,ToMMV）当前在我国茄科作物上的发生危害情况、主要分布地区和自然寄主,明确其主要寄主范围、传播途径和致病性等生物学特性。【方法】利用RT-PCR方法对2013—2017年采自我国云南、贵州、四川、海南、湖南、河南、陕西、山东、湖北、浙江、辽宁、西藏和内蒙古13个省（自治区）,表现为花叶、皱缩、畸形、黄化、坏死等疑似病毒病症状的茄科作物辣椒、番茄、茄子、马铃薯和烟草等样品进行ToMMV的检测。分别将ToMMV进行摩擦接种和注射接种,对感染ToMMV的珊西烟获得的种子及由种子萌发的幼苗进行ToMMV检测,对由健康种子萌发且在含有ToMMV毒源土壤中生长的6—8叶龄辣椒和番茄幼苗进行ToMMV检测,以此开展ToMMV传播方式的测试。在茄科、葫芦科、豆科和十字花科等6科30种植株上开展ToMMV的寄主范围鉴定和不同辣椒、番茄材料对ToMMV的抗性鉴定。【结果】我国13个省（区）共采集茄科作物疑似病毒病样品1 622份,ToMMV的平均检出率为2.59%,目前ToMMV已在我国云南、湖南、海南、辽宁、陕西、西藏和内蒙古7个省（区）发生。其中云南、湖南、海南、陕西和西藏的辣椒上有ToMMV的发生,而云南、海南、辽宁及内蒙古的番茄上有ToMMV的发生,平均检出率分别为2.51%和3.46%,尚未在茄子、马铃薯和烟草样品中检测到ToMMV的侵染。ToMMV可通过摩擦、注射、种子带毒及土壤带毒进行传播,且种子带毒率越高,对种苗生长的影响越大;寄主范围测试发现,ToMMV可侵染几乎所有供试的茄科和十字花科植物,及部分豆科和葫芦科植物。筛选出对ToMMV免疫的辣椒材料1份、高抗的辣椒材料2份以及对ToMMV高抗的番茄材料2份。【结论】ToMMV目前已在我国辣椒、番茄上发生,人工条件下ToMMV的寄主范围较广,致病力强,在我国有逐渐扩散和流行的趋势,很可能会成为未来蔬菜作物尤其是茄科作物上危害严重的主要病毒之一。     

基于无线传感网络隧道亮度信号采集系统的研究

亮度信号是高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统必须检测的物理量。本文基于zigbee的技术特点，设计了一款基于无线传感网络的隧道亮度信号采集系统。系统的传感器节点负责亮度信号的采集，经CC2530处理发送，通过逐级跳转的方式把数据传输到协调器。协调器通过RS232串口与灯具控制器通信，以此实现对亮度信号的实时采集和可靠性传输。通过实验表明，该系统达到了设计的目的，并适用于高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统。     

基于纵向传导的蔬菜批零价格关系研究——以北京市果类蔬菜为例

从蔬菜产业的纵向看,批发和零售是两个重要环节,蔬菜批发价格和零售价格的走势以及它们之间的关系是各界关注的焦点。本文以北京市场为例,以番茄和黄瓜两种果类蔬菜的按日批零价格为对象,运用有限分布滞后模型和误差修正模型进行实证分析,研究蔬菜批零价格间的传导关系,并在此基础上揭示蔬菜批发价格在蔬菜价格形成中的作用。研究发现:蔬菜批零价格走势基本一致,相关系数很高;批零价格间存在批发价格向零售价格单向传导的因果关系;批零价格的传导是顺畅的,但不同种蔬菜传导的时间效应有所不同;批发价格在蔬菜价格形成中占据主导作用,当蔬菜价格受到冲击时,若零售价格过高则其会向着批发价格下调,若批发价格过高则零售价格会随之走高。     

基于PLC与组态王的实木板材双面检测装置的总体设计

选用S7-200 PLC,结合组态王人机交互界面,运用激光轮廓和色泽集成扫描技术设计了一种实木板材双面检测系统。主要介绍了该检测系统的工作原理和工作流程,简述了检测装置的整体结构及其传动、升降、检测、行程控制等主要模块的设计及电气控制系统总体设计。试运行表明,该装置集合PLC和组态王的优势,利用激光扫描技术,可实现对板材双面检测过程的实时控制;板材检测运用色泽与轮廓相结合,有效地解决了现有实木板材单面检测系统不能全面地反映实木板材表面缺陷状况的难题。该设计可为实木板材表面缺陷检测中三维轮廓检测技术的进一步应用提供有益参考。     

安化黑毛茶加工现状与机械化发展趋势

本文结合安化黑毛茶初制加工现状及发展黑茶机械化生产的必要性,指出黑茶渥堆机的设计重点及难点,以期达到渥堆过程的量化控制,实现机械化生产,使黑茶生产的环境条件及加工流程符合现代化茶叶加工的要求。